synecdoque

synecdoche (figure of speech that uses the name of a part of something to represent the whole, or the whole to represent a part, or a specific kind or instance to represent the general category, or the general category to represent a specific kind or instance, or the constituent material to represent the thing made from it)

Learned borrowing from Latin synecdochē, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek συνεκδοχή (sunekdokhḗ, “receiving together”).