Assyria (an ancient Semitic Akkadian kingdom and at times an empire, extant from the mid-23rd century BCE to 608 BCE and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, but at its maximum extent including parts of modern Iran, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Egypt))
Asturias (an autonomous community and province of Spain, on the Spanish north coast facing the Cantabrian Sea); Asturias (a former kingdom existing from c. 718 to 924 CE, in modern northwest Spain and Portugal)
Atlas (son of Iapetus and Clymene, leader of the Titans ordered by Zeus to support the sky on his shoulders); Atlas (moon of Saturn); Atlas (star in the Pleiades); Atlas (crater in the first quadrant of the moon); Atlas Mountains
Atropatene (an ancient kingdom established by the satrap Atropates in the 4th century BC in northern Media (roughly corresponding to the modern-day region of Azerbaijan in northwestern Iran); later a satrapy of the Parthian and Sasanian empires.)
Aube (a department of Grand Est, France); Aube (a right tributary of the Seine in the departments of Haute-Marne, Côte-d'Or, Aube and Marne in northeastern France)